Well-organized criminal gangs took control of the beer and liquor supply for many cities, unleashing a crime wave that shocked the U.S. In the 1920s, the laws were widely disregarded, and tax revenues were lost. Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. Main article: Prohibition in the United States Jazz is generally characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Louis Armstrong brought the improvisational solo to the forefront of a piece. From European traditions, jazz derived its harmony and instruments. From African traditions, jazz derived its rhythm, "blues", and traditions of playing or singing in one's own expressive way. It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of Black-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation. The earliest Jazz styles, which emerged in New Orleans, Chicago, and New York in the early 1920s, are sometimes referred to as " dixieland jazz." In the 1920s, jazz became recognized as a major form of musical expression. Jazz is seen by many as "America's classical music". In New Orleans, the development of jazz was influenced by Creole music, ragtime, and blues. New Orleans provided a cultural humus in which jazz could germinate because it was a port city with many cultures and beliefs intertwined. Jazz is a music genre that originated in the Black-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime. Scott Fitzgerald further popularized the term with the publication of his short story collection Tales of the Jazz Age. The term jazz age was in popular usage prior to 1920. The movement also helped introduce the European jazz movement. During this time, the Jazz Age was intertwined with the developing youth culture. The movement was largely affected by the introduction of radios nationwide. The Jazz Age is often referred to in conjunction with the Roaring Twenties, and overlapped in significant cross-cultural ways with the Prohibition Era. Originating in New Orleans as mainly sourced from the culture of African Americans, jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period, and its influence on popular culture continued long afterwards. The Jazz Age's cultural repercussions were primarily felt in the United States, the birthplace of jazz. The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920s and 1930s in which jazz music and dance styles gained worldwide popularity. Increased popularity of jazz music in the United States King & Carter Jazzing Orchestra in Houston in 1921
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